Types of Construction Equipment-Use in Civil Engineering.

• Types of Construction Equipment -Use in Civil Engineering.

Types of Construction Equipment-Use in Civil Engineering.

• Introduction of Construction Equipments:

    In Civil Engineering various type of Construction equipment used in construction industries. Equipment used depends on large and small scale Construction purposes. these type of constuction equipment used for various purposes like Building construction, Road construction, Mining , underwater or marine construction and also big power plant used Heavy types of construction equipment.

·       There are various type of Equipments :Mainly Construction Equipments divide into 4 Types such as

1. Earthmoving Equipment.
2. Construction Vehicle Equipments.
3. Material Handling Equipment.
4. Compacting Equipment.

1. Earthmoving Equipment:

    Earthmoving equipment basically use for construction material transportation. it used for small as well as large construction sites.their are also various type of equipment give as follows

    a.    Excavator

    b.    Bulldozers

    c.    Loaders

    d.    Trenchers

    e.    Scrapper

    f.     Backhoe

    a) Excavator :

Excavator Construction Equipment

    Excavator is construction equipment is used in all types of work like small, big, and power plants so that this is useful for digging and transport scrap material one place to another place so these equipment is one of the most demanded equipment.

    Excavator consist of a long arm and a cabin and one digging bucket provided at the end of long arm and cabin is to operate those mechanisms. Whole cabin is 360 Degree rotatable for easy operation .

    Uses: heavy lifting, demolition, river dredging, cutting of trees etc.

   

     b) Bulldozers :

Bulldozer Construction Equipment

    Bulldozers is also the important type of equipment used for digging soil up to specific depth. it consists of sharp-edged metal plate connected at front side with the help of this sharp plate soil is removed.sharp plate can be lowered and raised using hydraulic pistons.

    Uses: removal of weak soil or rock strata, lifting of soil, etc.

    c) Loaders:

Loaders Construction Equipment

    Basically, Loader used at a construction site to load material into dumpers, trucks, tractors ,etc.this also contains a large size of a bucket at front side to used load the material and these have short moving arm. it moves on an endless chain for movement or tiers.

    d) Trenchers:

Trenchers Construction Equipment

    Trenchers are also known as a trenching machine. which are used to excavate trenches in soil. mainly these trenches are used for laying pipeline, cable laying, drainage purpose, etc. trenching machine are also two type namely chain trenchers and wheel trenchers. Chain trenchers contains a fixed long arm round digging chain connected provided. Wheeled trenchers contains a metal wheel with digging tooth around it.

    Uses : both type of trenchers used for digging a hard soil strata.

    e) Scrapper

Scrapper Construction Equipment

    scrapper is such type of equipment used for digging and levelling work and these both works are done simultaneously. scrapper contain hopper and vertical cutting blade. scrapper can carry its load and fill the area and where blade is rised at that time back panel of the hopper hydraulically pushed forward and unloading material .this empty scrapper return to cut soil and fill soil.

    

    Uses: The scraper is a large piece of equipment used in mining, construction, agriculture and other earthmoving applications.

    f) Backhoe :

Backhoe Construction Equipment

  Backhoe is one of the major used equipment it also know as JCB. it consist a long hoe arrangements with bucket for digging of soil strata and at front side loading bucket is provided for load the material and it also help for levelling purpose, cabin for driver or operator.

 Uses: excavating of soil, loading, unloading of, material, lifting of materials.

2. Construction Vehicle Equipment: 

    Construction vehical is the type of equipment used for transportation of construction materials from one place to another place . construction material be solide like soil , bricks, etc or liquifid material like ready mix concert , gases etc. 

    a.    Tipper

    b.    Dumper

    c.    Tanker Truck

    d.    Trailer

    a) Tipper:

Tipper Construction Equipment

    A truck consists larger lorry which contain a load (Construction material) on this platform which can raised at the front end to discharge out this load by gravity also called as tip truck.

    Uses: tipper are suitable for rough and mining and quarrying operation as well as for carrying large load for large construction and infrastructural industries.

    b) Dumper:

Dumper Construction Equipment

    Design of dumper is same as Tipper, but capacity of dumper is greater than tipper i.e. around 10 tone. unloading operation is carried out from cabin by driver.

    Uses: Dumper is used for large as well as small sites for transport heavy materials.

  

  c) Tankers:

Tankers Construction Equipment

    Tankers are basically design for the transport of liquified materials or gasses on roads for other industries and ready-mix concrete also transport plants to a construction site with help of trackers.

    d) Trailer:

Trailer Construction Equipment

    A trailer is generally used for transport goods and material. Such as a vehicle, mobile, living facilities.

3. Material Handling Equipment.

    Handling of construction material this type of equipment is used at construction site. material handling equipment are necessary used at construction sites. The purpose of material handling equipment is lifting heavy material , move the material one place to another at same site, this material is used for industrial also at construction sites.some examples are given below .

    a.    Crane

    b.    Conveyors

    c.    Hoist

    d.    Forklifts

    a) Crane :

Crane Construction Equipment

    A crane is the have material handling equipment for large site in same construction area or compact area. crane consist with elevator, ropework chains and sheaves that can be used both move and lift material and moves horizontally. it mainly used for lifting and transport material one place to another. one main benefit is that it requires small area at construction site.

    

b) Conveyors:

Conveyors Construction Equipment

    Conveyors is also material handling machine it used at site as well as industries . it consist conveyor endless belt with the help of this materials can moves one place to another at definite distance.

   Uses: mainly used for packaging and handling purpose.

   

c) Hoist:

Hoit Construction Equipment

    Also, known as a man-lift, Buck-hoist, temporal lift, builder forklifts, lift or elevator, is this kind of lift is often in large construction projects like as tall buildings or large hospitals. 

    Hoist is equipment for raising or lowering a load by drum or wheel lift.it can operate by hand and also electrically or pneumatically. chain or rope is for lifting device and load is connected at hook. 

d) ForkLifts

 Large ForkLifts Construction Equipment,

     A forklift truck is generally small industries to lifting purposes up to  10 feet and also transport materials. load-carrying capacities is 1-5 tone for small size machine and large size up to 50 tone lifting capacity.

4. Compacting Equipment:

    Compacting equipment is mainly used for compacting of soil or many other purpose like road , slab, airport ,etc. for removing air voids from material and make a dance and strong, smooth .many examples of construction equipment as their purpose.

    a.    Pavers

    b.    Road Rollers

    a) Pavers:

Paver Construction Equipment

    A paver is the equipment used for finishing asphalt road, it feeds by a dump trucks , a separate machine, a roller is used to press that hot mix asphalt material on a flat surface or even surfaces make it smooth and flat.one side is a material feeder and another part is material compactor. this process is done simultaneously.

 b) Road Rollers

Road Rollers Construction Equipment

    Road roller it also called roller compactor is used for compact soil gravel , concert or asphalt in construction of roads and foundations it also be used for agricultural land .

    Road rollers has also small and large size and it used as per requirements.

• Some Examples Compacting Equipment:

    a)     Rammers: 

    b)     Vibrating Plate Compactors:

    c)     Vibrating smooth wheeled rollers: 

    d)    Sheepsfoot roller Roller:

    e)    Tyred Rollers: 

    f)      Pneumatic Grid Rollers:

    g)     Pad Foot / Tamping Rollers:

    h)    Smooth Wheeled Rollers: